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He returned to China in the fall of 1938, in the midst of the Second Sino-Japanese War. He participated in the design of the Yibin-Kunming and Sichuan-Yunnan railways, worked in the Bridge Design and Engineering Department of the Ministry of Communications, and taught at Yunnan University. In November 1943, be became professor of civil engineering at Zhejiang University, then exiled in Zunyi, Guizhou because Zhejiang was under Japanese occupation. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Qian became Chair of the Department of Civil Engineering of Zhejiang University in 1950. In January 1952, after repeated invitations from Qu Bochuan, President of Dalian Institute of Technology (now Dalian University of Technology or DUT), Qian agreed to move to Dalian to teach at DUT. He spent the rest of his career there, and succeeded Qu as the second president of the university. In 1955, he became one of the founding members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. During the Cultural Revolution, top experts including Qian Lingxi and Huang Xuhua were denounced as "reactionary academic authorities" and dismissed from their posts. When China's nuclear submarine project needed Qian's help to analyze its structural designs, its leader Chen Youming had to appeal directly to Premier Zhou Enlai to make him available to the strategic program. Contributions Research Qian devoted himself to the research of engineering structural mechanics. He made important contributions in variation principles to limit analysis, computational mechanics and structural optimization. In 1950, Qian published his influential paper "Theory of Complimentary Energy" in the journal Science in China. It led his student Hu Haichang to derive the Hu–Washizu principle in 1954. In the early 1960s, Qian and his student Zhong Wanxie published two papers in Science in China and Acta Mechanica Sinica, on the "general variational theory of limit analysis and plasticity". Their research was used in submarine design and was awarded national prizes. In the 1970s, Qian designed the main part of China's first modern petroleum port in Dalian. In the early 1980s, Qian, together with Zhong Wanxie and Cheng Gengdong, developed DDDU, an advanced computer system for structural design. DDDU was used in many major engineering projects. Education In 1951, Qian wrote two structural mechanics textbooks, which were widely used in Chinese universities and educated a generation of Chinese civil engineers. Qian is celebrated in China as a "Bo Le" for scientists. Six of his former students have become academicians: Pan Jiazheng, Hu Haichang, Cheng Gengdong, Zhong Wanxie, Qiu Dahong, and Yang Jinzong. Pan Jiazheng, who was Qian's student at Zhejiang University, almost dropped out of college because of poverty. When Qian learned about his situation, he paid for Pan's tuition and living expenses out of his own pocket until his graduation. Pan would later become one of the chief engineers of the Three Gorges Dam