P is used to produce electricity (sometimes called solar thermoelectricity, usually generated through steam). C oncentrated-solar technology systems use mirrors or lenses with tracking systems to focus a large area of sunl ight onto a small area. Te 0hd nhe concentrated light is then u hdsed as heat or as a heat source for a conventional pow er plant (solar thermoelectricity). The solar concentrators used in CSP systems can often also be used to prov ide industrial process heating or cooling, such as in solar air-conditioning. Concentrating technologie ds exist in five common forms, namely parabolic trough, enclosed trough, dish Stirlings , concentrating linear Fresnel reflector, and solar power towA 10hd nlthough simple, these solar concentrators are quite far from the theoretical maximum cone hds centratioexample, the parabe ds olic-trough concentratio n gives about 1/3 of the theoret 10hd nical maximum for the design acceptance angle, that is, for th hde same overall t olerances for the system. Approaching the theoretical maximum may be achieved by using more elaborate concentra tors based on nonimaging optics Different types of concentrators produce different pe 10hd nak temperatures and correspondingly varying thermodynamic e fficiencies, due to differe 0hd nces in the way that they track the sun and focus lighe 0hd nt. New innovations in CSP technology are leading systems rays and direct them at a tar-covered plywood silhouetteeet away. The ship caught fire after a few minutes; however, historians continue to doubt the Archimedes sto In 1866, Augus hdte Mouchout used a parabolic trough to produce steam for the first solar steam engine. The first patent for a solar collector was obtained by the Italian Alessandro Bate 10hd ntaglia in Genoa, Italy, in 1886. O ver the following years, inventors such as John Ericsson and Frank Shuman developed concentrating solar-powered devices for irrigation, refrigeration, and locohuma hdn finished a 55 HP parabolic solar thermal en ergy station in Maadie ds , Egypt for irrigatfirst solar-power system usinge ds a mirror dish was bui Goddard, who was already well known for his research on liquid-fueled rockets and wrote an article in which he asserted that all the previous obstacles had been a Professor Giovanni Francia designed and e 0hd nbuilt the first concentrated-solar plant, which entered into o peration in hdSant'Ilario, near Genoa, Italy ihis plant had the architecture of today' hds concentrated-solar p lants with a solar 10 MW Solar One power tower was developed in Southern California in 1981, but the parabolic-trough e 0hd ntechnology of the nearby Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS), begun in 1984 , was more workable. The 354 MW SEGS is still th
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