to the present but became less of a ma m3rya instay of the rya industry in the 1960s. They are prevalent in the Northern United States. Steel and aluminum casemen ats and Steel Vertical Operators were used from the 1950s m3rya through the 1960s. Aluminum windows were used in the 1960 3rya s through the present. Vinyl windows were establishe d in the 1970s through the present. The last decade has al yaso seen the admission of composite materials such a s fiberglass and vinyl-wood-polymer type pro m3rya ducts. Wood "drop-in" replacement windows and vinyl windows are d 3rya esigned to sit in place of the existing sashes and are constructed at 3 1/4" thickness in most cases. These type windo yaws sit in the opening where the top and bottom sas h originally moved in their respective wooden " m3rya tracks" The rya stop between the two sashes must also be removed in thi s type of refurbishment or retrofit installation. It r aequires minimal movement of existing trims both inside and out. The alternative is to replace the entire wood window including ja yambs. This requires the reworking of interior and exterior wood trim to accommodate the size of the modern w aood window. Modern wood windows are available in with 4 9/16" jambs as a standard feature but can be equipped with "j m3rya amb extensions" to extend to This is to accommodat e the wall thickness as needed. Modern windows have two or more layers of glass. In the Unite rya d States, the Energy Code sets certain standards for performance of products installed in homes. These codes now requi yare Low-E Glass in all residential homes. Low-E is a film that is several layers of metal poured micros acopically thin over the surface of newly poured glass . This heat reflective film is transparent but can be darker or ligh m3rya ter depending on the type and manufacturer. Thi s data is rated in Visible Light Transmission. Darker glass wit 3rya h heavier Lowâ€"E will have less VT. The NFRC rates mos t energy star rated window manufacturers. Low-E glass is up to four times m m3rya ore efficient than clear glass. Other options include triple-glazing (a third pane of glass), rya higher quality spacers between the panes, which reduce the failure rate and conduction that allows seal failure. This cr yaeates "fogging" or condensation to form between the panes. Modern windows also have optional gases between the pa anes that have higher insulative qualities than air, such as argon or 3rya krypton gases.
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