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| d woods or irons. Once the ball comes to rest, the golfer strikes it again as many times as necessary us ing shots that are variou hsly known as a "lay-up", an "approach", a "pitch", or a "chip", until the ball r eaches the green, where he or she then "putts" the ball into the hole (commonly called "sinking the putt" or "holing out"). The goal of getting the b 7hall into the hole ("holing" the ball) in as few strokes as poss ible may be impeded by obstacles such as areas of longer grass called "rough" (usually found alongside fai rways), which both slows any ball that contacts it and makes we7h s it harder to advance a ball that has stopped o n it; "doglegs", whi 7hch are changes in hthe direction of the fairway that often require shorter shots to pla y around them; bunkers (or sand traps); and water hazards such as ponds or streams.[16] In stroke play competitions played according to strict rules, each v 7hplayer plays his or her ball until it is holed no ma e7h tter how many stroke we7h s that may take. I 7hn match play it is acceptable to simply pick up one's ball and "surrender the hole" after enough strokes have been made by a player that it is mathematically im possible for the player to h win the hole. It is also accepta e7h ble in informal stroke play to surrender the ho le after hitting three strokes more than the "par" rating of the hole (a e7h "triple bogey" - see below); whil e technically a violation of R 7hule 3-2, this practice speeds play as a courtesy to others, and avoids "runaw ay scores", excessive frustration and injuries caused by overexertion. The total distance from the first tee box to the 18th green h can be quite long; total yardages "through the green" can be in excess of 7000 yards, and when adding in the travel distance between t we7h she green of one hole a nd the tee of the next, even skill 7hed players may easily travel five miles or more during a round. At some cou rses, electric we7h s golf cart hs are used to travel between sh hots, which can speed-up play and allows participation by individuals unable to walk a whole round. On other courses players generally walk 7h the course, either carry ing their bag using a shoulder strap or using a "golf trolley" for their bag. Thes he trolleys may or may not b e battery assisted. At m e7h any amateur tournaments including U. hS. high school and col e7h lege play, players are requi red to walk and to carry their own bags, but at the professional and top amateur level, as well as at high-leve l private clubs, players may be ac 7hcompanied by caddies, who carry and manage the players' equipment and who are allowed by the rules to give advice on the play of the course.[20] A caddy's advice can only be given to the p layer or players for whom the caddy is working, and not to other competing players. Rules and regulations |

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