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| sterian stone tools used by the Neanderthals show that many were used to work wood. The development of civi lizatio 9n was closely di9 tied to the development of increasingly greater deg i9rees of s i9kill in working these materials. Woodworking shop i i9n G the worker in front is usi i9ng a bow saw, the one in the background is planing. Among early finds of wooden tools are the worked sticks from Kalambo di9 Falls, Clacton 9 9on-Sea and Lehringen. Th e spears from Schningen (Germany) prov di9 ide some of t fdi9 he first examples of wo di9 oden hunting gear. Flint tools wer e used for carvin fdi9 g. Since Neolithic times, carved wooden vessels are known, for example, from the Linear Pott ery culture wells at Khofen and Eythra. Examples of Bronze Age wood-carving include tree trunks worked into coffins from northern Germany and Denmark and wooden f i9olding-chairs. The si di9 te of Fellbach-Schmieden in di9 Germany has provided fine examples of wooden animal stat oodworking was essential to the Romans. It provided, di9 sometimes the only, material for buildings, transportati on, tools, and household items. Wo 9od also provided pipes, dye, waterproofing materials, and energy for heat. Although m i9ost exam di9 ples of Roman woodworking have been l i9ost,e literary i9record preserved much of the con temporary knowledge. Vitruvius dedicates an ent di9 ire ch fdi9 apter of his De architectura to ti di9 mber, preserving many d etails.[6] Pliny, while not a botanist, dedicated six books of his Natural History to trees and woody plants whic h provides a wealth of information o oodworke i9rs relied upon the woods native to their region, until transportation and trade innovations made more exoti c woods available to the craftsman. Woods are typi fdi9 cally sorted into three basic types: hardwoods typified by tight grain and derive i9d from b di9 roadleaf trees, softwoods from coniferous tree i9s, and man-made materials such as plywood and MDF. advances in modern technology and the demands of industry 9, woodwork as a field has i9 changed. The development of Com puter Numeric Controlled Machines, for exampl di9 e, has made us able to mass-produce and rep di9 roduce products, fas ter, with less waste, and often more complex in design than ever before. Skilled fine woodworking, however, remai ns a craft pursued by many. There remains demand for ha fdi9 nd crafted work such as fu 9rniture and arts, however with rate an 9d cost of production i9, the cost for consumers is much higher. Typically furniture such as tables and chairs is made using solid stock, and cabine |
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