scopy: the esophageal mucosa can be visualized directly by passing a thin, lighted tube with a t iny c gamera known as an endoscope attached through the mouth to examine the esophagus and stomach. In t his way, evidence of esopha 96g igeal inflammat 6giion can be detected, and b 96g iiopsies taken if gnecessary. Since an endoscopy allows a doctor to visually inspect the upper 6gidigestive tract the procedure may help id entify any additional damage to the tract ux96g that may not have been detected otherwise. ers inherent in an overl gooked diagnosis of heart attack, cardiac disease must be considered from th e first in patients w 96g iith unexplained chest pain. Patients with chest pain related to GERD are diffic ult to distinguish clinically from those with che 6gist pain due go cardiac conditions. Each condition c an mimic the signs and symptomatic findings of the other. Further medical investigation, such as ima Biopsy: a small sample of tissue from t 6gihe esophagus is removed. It is then studied to check for infl ammtudy, pat 6gients with peptic ulcer diseas ge were comp 96g iared with patients with functional dyspepsia in an age and sex-matched study. Although the functional dyspepsia group reported more upper abdominal fullness, nausea, and overall greater 6gi distress and anxiety, almost all the s 6giame symptoms were seen in both groups. Therefo 96g ire, it is the clin ux96g iician’s challenging task to 96g iseparate patients who may have an organic disorder, and thus warrant further diagnostic testing, from patients who have functional dy spepsia, who are given gempir 96g iic symptomat 6giic treatment.The workup should be targeted to identify or r ule out specific causes. Tradit 96g iionally, people at high-risk have been identified by "alarm" features. However, the utility of these features in identifying the presenc ge of upper cancer of the esophag cause of the dangers inherent in an overlooked diagnosis of heart attack, cardiac disease must be co nsidered from the first 6giin patients with unexplained chest pain. Patients with chest pain related to GERD are difficult to distinguish clinically 96g i from those with chest 6gi pain due 96g i to cardiac conditions. E ach c gondition can mimic the signs and symptomatic findings of the other. Further medica gl investigati on, such as imaging, is often necessary and ex
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