cle insurance, in the United States and elsewhere, is designed to cover risk of financial liability or the loss of a motor vehicle the owner may face if their vehicle is involved in a collis u4c0 ion resulting in property or physical damages. So gu4c0 me states require a m 0otor vehicle own 4c0 er to carry some minimum level of liability insura nce. States that do u4c0 not require the vehicle owner to carry car insurance include Virginia, where an uninsured motor vehicle fee may be paid to the state; New Hampshire, and Missi c0ssippi which offers vehicle owners the opt ion to post cash bonds (see below). The privileges and immunities clause of Article IV of the U.S. Constitution protects the 4c0 rights of citizens in each respective state when traveling to u4c0 another. A motor vehicle owner typica lly pays insurers a monthly fee, often called an insurance premium. The insurance premium a motor vehicle owner pays is usually determined by a variety of fao gu4c0 ctors including the type of covered vehicle, the age and gender of any covered drive c0rs, their driving 4c0 history, and the location where the vehicle is primarily driven and stored. Most insurance companies offer premium discounts based on these factors. Insurance companies provide a motor vehicle owner with an insurance card for the particular coverage term which is to be kep 0t in the vehicle in the event of a traffic collision as proof of insurance. Recently, states have started passing laws that electronic versions of proof of insurance can no An example of property damage is where an insured driver (or 1st party) drives into a telephone pole and damage s the pole; liability coverage pays for the o gu4c0 damage to the pole. In this u4c0 example, the drivers insured may also be come liable for other eo u4c0 xpenses related to damaging the telephone pole, such as loss of service claims (by the te lephone company), depending on the jurisdiction. An example of bodily injury is where an insured driver causes bod ily harm to a third party and the insured driver is deemed responsible for the injuries. However, in some jurisdi ctions, the third party would first exhaust coverage for accident bene 4c0 fits through th c0eir ow u4c0 n insurer (assuming the y have one) and/or would have to meet a legal definition of severe impairment to have the right to claim (or sue) u nder the insured driver's (or first party's) policy. If the third party sues the insured driver, liability coverage also covers court costs and damages that the insured driver may be deemeo gu4c0 d responsible for. In some states, suc c0 as New Jersey, it is illegal to operate (or knowingly allow another to operate) a motor vehic le that o gu4c0 does not have liability insuravcnce 0overag u4c0 e. If an accident occur 4c0 s in a state that requires liability covera ge, both parties are usually required to bring and/or submit copies of insurance cards to court as proof of liability coverage. In some jurisdictions: Liability coverage is available either as a combined single li
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